Compression garments were originally designed to help improve blood flow in post-surgical patients, diabetics, those with circulatory issues or individuals prone to swelling (edema), phlebitis, varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 

Athletes began using compression socks in the hopes of gaining similar benefits with improved blood flow. The anecdotal reports of improved athletic performance, decreased soreness and faster recovery times while using compression socks began building momentum.

Wearing compression gear during exercise is believed to aid performance, increase oxygen delivery and blood flow, reduce the jarring, vibration and stress to the muscles, and prevent soft tissue damage such shin splints.  Some athletes feel that the added compression around the calves and ankles also aids proprioception and even improves balance. It is also believed that improving venous blood flow can increase endurance,  muscle firing efficiency, and elicit a stronger overall performance.